summary of "turn red the sea"

Turn Red the Sea

By: Wilfredo D. Nolledo

          The drama “Turn Red the Sea” is a story of a family that ended up in a awful way because of misunderstanding between the father and the son. Juanito is worrying because of what may happen to him and his family when the Board of Regents receives the letter from Leon. He believes that Leon sends the letter that contains filthy lies about him and it will affect his presidency in the University. Leon takes rebellion because he believes that his father doesn’t love him all throughout the years. He is angry because his father goes with another woman and left them but he returns after. He is angry because he doesn’t receive any letter from his father when it was abroad far from them. Because of hatred, he makes actions that will surely makes his father down and suffer. Suddenly, Leon come down stairs and has communication with his mother, Eliza. He asks questions to her about things that happen a long time ago and suddenly fall in the issue between him and his father. Eliza explains him things that he choose not to believe before. She explains that his father loves him that it is of that showy of his feelings. Eliza tell him that he is also guilty of what is happening because he close his heart from the reality and choose not to care about his father, sister and brother. Ad after all, he will not realize all of that because he is always out of the house doing things that will make his father suffer and go down. But Leon still remains hard outside but little by little it sinks in his mind.

          Until his father comes down to check if the letter is already there. After he knows that it is not still there, he asks Eliza to get her shawl for them to go a ride like what they usually did before. When the time Eliza is getting her shawl, they suddenly hear a shot from a gun and run immediately to Juanito only to find out that it commits suicide because of too much depression. Leon confesses that he just send a blank paper. But it is totally late, Juanito is already dead. Because of that, Eliza shoots Leon at the end because of what happen. 

course outline

DE LA SALLE LIPA

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, ARTS & SCIENCES

Education Department

2^nd Semester SY 2010 – 2011

Introduction to Stylistics

COURSE CREDIT:       3

COURSE DESCRIPTION:  This course focuses on developing the student’s ability to analyse a poem, short story, novel and other authentic texts using stylistic features.

COURSE OBJECTIVES:   

          This course is designed to help the students:

• To introduce the most central concepts and analytical frameworks in Stylistics;
• To show how stylistic analysis can be used to explain the relationship between linguistic choices on the one hand and meanings/effects in readers' minds on the other;
• Sharpen ones awareness of how language works in literary text and author’s style in writing.
• To enable students to carry out detailed and systematic stylistic analyses of a variety of literary texts
• Articulate an inward perception of the workings of a language and situate verbal technique of particular poems, short stories, extracts from novels, advertisements and plays.

Learning Plan

     I.         What is style?

o   What stylistics is all about, and is there a literary variety of language?

o   Deviation, parallelism and foregrounding 1

o   Deviation, parallelism and foregrounding 2

o   Figurative language

o   The cognitive theory of metaphor

o   Plot and fictional worlds 1

o   Plot and fictional worlds 2

   II.        Stylistic Writing

*        Sentence Style

o   Combining Sentence

o   Sentence Variety

o   Varying Sentence length

o   Eliminating unnecessary be verbs

o   Introducing quotations

o   Fresh and precise adjectives

 III.        Stylistic Devices (Rhetorical Devices, Figures of  Speech)

A. Alliteration

B. Allusion

C. Anaphora

D. Antithesis

E. Hyperbole

F.  Hyphopora

G.  Litotes

H.  Metaphor

I. Metonymy

J. Points of View

K. Onomatopoeia

L. Paralyse

M. Parenthesis

O. Rhetorical Question

P. Simile

Q. Synecdoche

R. Understatement

 IV.        Stylistic analysis

o   Sample stylistic analysis of poem

o   Sample stylistic analysis of short story

o   Sample stylistic analysis of novel

o   Sample stylistic analysis of authentic texts

*        Magazine

*        Newspaper

*        Song

*        Speeches

*        Brochures

Sources:          http://www.ling.lancs.ac.uk/study/undergrad/modules/ling210.htm

                                http://stylisticwriting.wordpress.com/

stylistic analysis of an authentic text

A STYLISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE LANGUAGE OF POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS IN NIGERIA: EVIDENCE FROM THE 2007 GENERAL ELECTIONS

V.E. Omozuwa & E.U.C. Ezejideaku

Introduction

The analysis is about the political speech use by the politicians during elections.

       language of political campaign embodied propaganda and rhetoric, is persuasive

       presenting themselves as the only capable persons for the job

       synchronic stylistic analysis of various political utterances used during the electioneering process in Nigeria based on 35 political campaigns

        that different situations call for different language use

The language of political campaigns as a variety of language

       two types of language varieties: dialect and diatype (register)

“the variety of language according to use”

• it shows the speaker’s attitude, mood & feeling with respect to the subject of discourse, and the other participants in it

       is intended to pass the needed information to the electorate with a view to convincing or appealing to them

       Szanto (1987:7) describes the language of politics as a “lexicon of conflict and drama, of ridicules, and reproach, pleading and persuasion, color and bite permeated”

        a language designed to valour men, destroy some and change the mind of others”

       the word is often associated with deceit because propagandist have seldom scruples to lie or to distort the truth in order to persuade and gather people behind them

        language of political campaign, whether it is in the interrogative, declarative, imperative or exclamatory mode, contains some forms of promises to the electorate

Propaganda through exaggeration

*        exaggeration is one of the peculiar features of political propaganda

• they told us they have reformed the economy.

Which economy?

º         no electricity! 95% of Business and Homes depend on Generator for electric power

º         insensitivity! Our roads are death Traps, infrastructure are Derelict

º         insecurity! Security of loves and property almost non existent

º        the extract is a typical example of propaganda through exaggeration

º         information contained in the sponsored advertisement was exaggerated

º         though it is a fact that the supply of electricity in Nigeria is erratic, it is an exaggeration to say that 95% of business and homes now depend on generator

*        “my meeting the president was made in heaven”

(daily champion, Friday, march 30, 2007:6)

• this is impossible because he has not been to heaven
• “a forceful question which has the form of a question but which does not expect an answer”
• are questions for which the speakers already have the answers (or they are self evident) but sarcastically ask them to discredit the opponent

“...what would have happened  if Koro had been chairman for 3 years?”

“the whole of Broad Street would have been razed to ashes.”

*        “is this the man who should ever have the effrontery to desire to become the governor of Lagos state in this era of accountability and transparency?”

*        “...but can 2 weeks of ‘patch’ patch’ activities salvage 8 wasted years?” (Saturday Punch, March 10, 2007:A 18)

*        “they told us they have reformed the econoly, which economy?” (Daily Sun, Tuesday April 17, 2007:5)

*        this stylistic device is very effective as the propagandist use such rhetorical questions to provoke thoughts on the part of the audience; to make the audience see why they must reject their opponents

Vague utterances

     words that are vague or indefinite

      words that have no realistic ways of validating them

º        Lagos reject bitterness (thisday, Saturday, march 17 2007:27)

º        Go ahead! We love you. Lagosians (Punch, Tuesday, March 20, 2007 p:47)

º         Kalu doesn’t respect old age, tradition. (Obasanjo. Punch, Saturday, March 3, 2007).

     are not definite

      they lack clarity

      one person is speaking for everybody

      the opinion expressed may not necessarily be everybody’s

Abusive utterances

*        “later I made Segun Mimiko Minister without the knowledge of Agagu. I am hearing now is that he said I am the one that urged him to go and contest in another party. He is a liar, I did not say any such thing. When he told me that he wanted to resign as Minister to go and contest, I begged him not to go,  I don’t know whether his mother’s rival cursed him,...”

(Sunday Independent. February 11, 20017: 33. South-west Zonal PDP President Campaign Rally at Akure Sports Stadium. Emphasis is ours).

*        recklessness in the use of language

*         become too emotional in spreading propaganda that they resort to abusive language

• as “a liar” and somebody that has probably been “cursed by the mother’s rival”

*         are meant to defame the character of the opponent

Rhetoric

*        “the study of style through grammatical and logical analysis”

*        “the art or talent by which discourse is dapted to its ends”

*        Aims at persuading through the beauty of language

PROPAGANDA

*        To persuade through some negative manipulation of language

Repetition

       repetition of particular word, phrase or an idea helps listener to memorize the word, phrase or idea

        several times so that the ideas or concepts will be better comprehended by their audience

º        Free Education. Free Medical care. Free Medical care. Free Employment. Free food. Free house. Free this ... Free that

(Concerned Citizens for a better Lagos: Saturday Punch, March 31, 2007:A19)

º         Empty seat, Empty excuses, Empty promise, Empty politics. They are empty

(Sunday Punch March 18, 2007: 41, emphasis is ours)

*        the word ‘free’ was repeatedly used to comically discredit the opponent

*          tried to show that ‘free’ has become a slogan their opponents since nothing was actually free

*         the word ‘empty’ to show the emptiness of their opponents

*         by repeatedly saying ‘empty’ the listeners are compelled to believe that the opponents have nothing to offer

*         repetition – is very useful tool for emphasis to portray the opponent in bad light

Biblical citation/reference to God

*        ‘If you want me to be modest, I will tell you that we have left Egypt, but we have not yet reached Canaan. We are still between Egypt and Canaan. We are in wilderness. That wilderness is a much better place than Egypt, especially when you have a Moses with you and that Moses, of course, is President Olusegun Obansajo. We have Joshua in the wing. That Joshua seems to be Yar’ Adua.’

 (Daily Champion, Monday 12, 2007)

*        reason is to give spiritual credence and authority to their speech to their believe that majority of Nigerians are very religious.

Promises

o   ‘our vision is to banish poverty in Ekiti’

(action congress gubertorial candidate in Ekiti State, Kayobe Fayemi. Saturday champion, march 30,2007: 11)

*         use expressions that are full of assurance for better tomorrow

*         promises both realistic and unrealistic

*         they use to persuade their audience to vote for them at polls

*         one unique way politicians hold their audience spell bound

Colloquialisms

*        language used by politicians to show solidarity with audience, especially the masses

º         ‘but can 2 weeks of ‘patch patch’ salvage 8 wasted years?’

(a sponsored campaign by the Musli Obanikoro Campaign Organization. Saturday Punch, March 10, 2007:A18)

º         FA! FA!! FA!!! FASHY THEM.

(concord Citizens for a better Lagos. Saturday Punch, March 3, 2007:A19)

*        politicians use such colloquial terms as “no shaking”, “patch-patch”, “fa! fa!! fa!!! Fashy them”, “catch fire” as a mark of solidarity with the grasshoots

*         these expressions are already familiar to the audience that is being addressed

Word coinages

       is a process of inventing new words to suit the present discourse

        coinages are words/expressions that do not exist but are coined to suit the present discourse

‘...this is why we must reject the PDP man “Koro” (bitterness) in Lagos...PDP must not allowed to “KORODE” Lagos...”

(Concerned Lagosians for Good Government. Sunday Sun Newspaper, Thursday, March 25, 2007:24)

       seems to suggest that electing him will ‘corrode’ Lagosians and bring bitterness to them

       not only to pass message clearer to the audience but to add humour to discourse

Pidginized expressions

*        used to create a seeming affinity with the people at the grassroots

*         recourse to pidgin especially when they want to address the people in rural areas or the masses

º        “when una vote me and I get to Aso Rock in May this year, I promise una here now that I go build hospitals, schools, which go be free for every citizen because Nigeria get the money.”

(Sunday Vanguard, March 2007:7)

*        ‘pidgin’ – using the language they understand better

*         they use the language they understand to solicit for their support

*         this makes the people feel the politicians have them in their agenda

Metaphor

*        ‘Smart Guy. He couldn’t take the heat. So, he stayed out of the kitchen”. (Sunday Sun, March 16, 2007:12)

o   the politician compared what Senator Obanikoro (the PDP gubernatorial aspirants in Lagos state) would faced if he had attended the public debate to the heat that came from the kitchen.

o   the use of the concept from the sport jargon could be to get quick attention from audience

Idioms

π        are phrasal constructions or verbal expressions closely associated with a given language

o   He who pays the Piper dictates the tunes. Ekiti, beware! The devourers are here again.

(Friday Punch, April 16, 2007:18)

π         idioms used by the politicians during political campaign as a way of giving extra meaning to an utterance

Conclusion

π        use language in a unique way during political campaigns to give extra effect and force to their message

π        aimed at achieving their main objectives of discrediting their opponents and winning more votes

π         reveals that politicians will spare nothing at outsmarting their opponents even if it means resorting to the use of utterances that could be defamatory, abusive and sometimes vulgar

π         the political arena, as it is in war, ‘all is fair’.

rReference:

http://www.ajol.info/index.php/og/article/viewFile/52327/40951

stylistic analysis of "in another country" by ernest hemingway

Introduction
the story is about the experience of the soldiers during World War II. it is a real life experience of the author and he narrated how soldiers suffered and how they heal the wounds inside and out.

“IN ANOTHER COUNTRY”

ERNEST HEMINGWAY

Summary

It is about an ambulance corps member in Milan during World War I. Although unnamed, he is assumed to be "Nick" a character Hemingway made to represent himself. He has an injured knee and visits a hospital daily for rehabilitation. There the "machines" are used to speed the healing, with the doctors making much of the miraculous new technology. They show pictures to the wounded of injuries like theirs healed by the machines, but the war-hardened soldiers are portrayed as skeptical, perhaps justifiably so.

As the narrator walks through the streets with fellow soldiers, the townspeople hate them openly because they are officers. Their oasis from this treatment is Cafe Cova, where the waitresses are very patriotic.

When the fellow soldiers admire the protagonist's medal, they learn that he is American, ipso facto not having to face the same struggles in order to achieve the medal, and no longer view him as an equal, but still recognize him as a friend against the outsiders. The protagonist accepts this, since he feels that they have done far more to earn their medals than he has.

Later on, a major, Signor Maggiore, in an angry fit tells Nick he should never get married, it being only a way to set one up for hurt. It is later revealed that Maggiore's wife had suddenly and unexpectedly died. Maggiore is depicted as far more grievously wounded, with a hand withered to the size of a baby's hand, and Hemingway memorably describes the withered hand being manipulated by a machine which Maggiore dismisses as a "damn thing." But Maggiore seems even more deeply wounded by the loss of his wife.

It is also implied this entire episode is a dream, by subtle references to night time and searching for needed light. It is reminiscent of Dante's Inferno.

Theme

Dignity and Human condition

Analysis

the tone of the narration is superficially sanguine and the setting seemingly reassuring, there are strong underlying currents of dislocation, conflict, emptiness, and futility that indicate Nick has been deeply marked with more than shrapnel, and that his recovery cannot be effected by physical therapy.

• the story makes use of repetition to emphasize the narration

 “It was cold in the fall in Milan and the dark came very early.” He repeats this idea with a slightly different emphasis at the end of the paragraph: “It was a cold fall and the wind came down from the mountains.”

he states “We were all at the hospital every afternoon,” and later on he repeats, “Beyond the old hospital were the new brick pavilions, and there we met every afternoon.”

• technique not only highlights the ideas Hemingway wants to drive home to the reader, but also gives the narration a sort of cyclical, complete, and self-contained feeling as the same ideas are revisited with slightly different words.

Critical Essay #1

Zam has been an associate professor at Fordham College and New York University, as well as a writer for the Harvard Gay and Lesbian Review and Details magazine. In the following essay, he examines Hemingway's sparse writing style, and compares that style to the early motion-picture technique of montage.

• distinctive style.
• were still heavily influenced by the verbose, extremely descriptive style of English and American authors of the nineteenth century such as Charles Dickens, Jane Austen, and Herman Melville, Hemingway was not
• is free of the extensive use of adjectives common in the work of many earlier writers, and of many of his immediate contemporaries.

Critical Essay #2

Forrest Robinson is affiliated with Western Illinois University. In the following excerpt, he argues that the reader's revelation in Hemingway's "In Another Country" "can be seen only through the consciousness of the invisible first-person narrator who—in the creative act of giving a form and a focus to his own past experience—resolves a conflict implicitly disclosed in the process of narration."

• offers unusual evidence of the essentially heuristic and therapeutic nature of his storytelling. His thematic concern— that a person "find things he cannot lose"— takes on considerable significance when the distinction between the protagonist and the first-person narrator is clarified.

Critical Essay #3

The context of the war is only one of two contexts in the story. As we noted, the war serves as a metaphor for the natural order within which people struggle and die. The second context is the hospital, within which the issue at hand is the healing of those persons who have been wounded within the war-context.

• By extending these metaphors, we might suggest that the narrator's stake in his narrative is the resolution of how to be healed or how to be rejoined to a world characterized by destruction and death.

Critical Essay #4

Cass earned his doctorate in American literature at Ohio State University and has published critical articles on Hemingway, Fitzgerald, London, and James Gould Cozzens, as well as checklists for First Printings of American Authors. In the following excerpt, he examines several aspects of "In Another Country," including Hemingway's writing style, his allusion to Marlowe's The Jew of Malta, and his use of "window" and "looking" Imagery.

• that the author shifts his attention from the American soldier to the Italian major midway through the story, that he exercises strict control over his title allusion to The Jew of Malta, and that he cultivates a very elaborate motif of images concerned with looking and windows.

stylistic analysis of "how do I love thee" by Elizabeth Barret Browning

Introduction

The poem is represents the intense love Elizabeth offer to her husband Robert Browning. And all the things she want to say and the things she can sacrifice for her love to her husband.

How do I love thee?

How do I love thee? Let me count the ways.
I love thee to the depth and breadth and height
My soul can reach, when feeling out of sight
For the ends of Being and ideal Grace.
I love thee to the level of everyday's
Most quiet need, by sun and candle-light.
I love thee freely, as men strive for Right;

I love thee purely, as they turn from Praise.
I love thee with the passion put to use
In my old griefs, and with my childhood's faith.
I love thee with a love I seemed to lose
With my lost saints – I love thee with the breath,
Smiles, tears, of all my life! – and, if God choose,
I shall but love thee better after death.

Rhyme Scheme and Divisions

҉        Lines 1 to 8–ABBA, ABBA

҉         Lines 9 to 14–CD, CD, CD

҉         First eight lines of a Petrarchan sonnet are called an octave; the remaining six lines are called a sestet.

҉         octave presents the theme of the poem

҉         sestet offers a solution if there is a problem, provides an answer if there is a question, or simply presents further development of the theme

Sonnet 43 Meter

†        iambic pentameter

(10 syllables, or five feet, per line with five pairs of unstressed and stressed syllables), as Lines 2 and 3 of the poem demonstrate

I LOVE..|..thee TO..|..the DEPTH..|..and BREADTH..|..and HEIGHT

My SOUL..|..can REACH,..|..when FEEL..|..ing OUT..|..of SIGHT

Theme: Intense Love

ὧ    she says, that it rises to the spiritual level (Lines 3 and 4)

• She loves him freely, without coercion; she loves him purely, without expectation of personal gain

ὧ     She even loves him with an intensity of the suffering (passion: Line 9)

• resembling that of Christ on the cross, and she loves him in the way that she loved saints as a child

Figures of Speech

©       personification

My soul can reach, when feeling out of sight
For the ends of Being and ideal Grace.

©        similes

I love thee freely, as men strive for Right;

I love thee purely, as they turn from Praise.

§      Anaphora

The use of I love thee in eight lines and I shall but love thee in the final line. This repetition builds rhythm while reinforcing the theme

§      alliteration

§      thee, the(Lines 1,2,5,9,12). 

§      thee, they (Line 8) 

§      soul, sight (Line 3) 

§      love, level (Line 5) 

§      quiet, candle-light (Line 6)  

§      freely, strive, Right (Line 7) 

§      purely, Praise (Line 8) 

§      passion, put (Line 9) 

§      griefs, faith (Line 10) 

§      my, my (Line 10)
love, love (Line 11)
With, with (Line 12)
lost, love (Line 12)
lost, saints (Line 12)
Smiles, tears (Line 13) (z sound)
smiles, all, life (Line 13)
shall, love (Line 14)
but, better (Line 14)
but, better, after (Line 14) 

Phonology

• Repetition of ‘t’ and ‘th”

How do I love thee? Let me count the ways.
I love thee to the depth and breadth and height
My soul can reach, when feeling out of sight
For the ends of Being and ideal Grace
I love thee to the level of everyday's
Most quiet need, by sun and candle-light.
I love thee freely, as men strive for Right;
I love thee purely, as they turn from Praise.
I love thee with the passion put to use
In my old griefs, and with my childhood's faith
I love thee with a love I seem to love
With my lost saints, - I love thee with the breath,
Smiles, tears, of all my life! - and, if God choose,
I shall but love thee better after death.

*        It emphasis the love of the writer.